The false impression pdf

Newport suggests that we re-arrange our schedules, rather than scheduling a break from distractions, to focus, instead start scheduling breaks from focus, to give in to those distractions.

The key to successful productive meditation is repeatedly returning your attention to the problem at hand, and doing this whenever your mind wanders. You have to continually practice this in order to reap the benefits. When you notice your attention slipping away from the problem at hand, gently remind yourself that you can return to that thought later, then redirect your attention back.

However, he poses the challenge of quitting social media, to begin with for just 30 days. And then asses the trial period. Were the days without social media, in any way, worse than the days where you were able to check your Facebook feed? Did anyone notice or care that you were no longer using social media? Note, Newport encourages that you simply stop using the services for 30 days, do not formally deactivate your accounts or announce it to your following, just simply stop checking it.

Further to quitting social media, Newport encourages you to assess your internet consumption habits. In order to truly achieve deep work, you have to actively reject the distracted world of connectedness. Do more meaningful things with your mind, this will leave you feeling more fulfilled than if you spent your day semi-consciously browsing the net.

Not only will this preserve your ability to resist distraction and concentrate. But you might experience, perhaps for the first time, what it means to live, and not just exist.

This type of work is inevitable. Newport suggests that you begin by scheduling your entire day. Having structure in your day means having a comprehensive schedule, but still being open to adapt or modify plans as needed. If you have an over-flexible, unstructured schedule you can find yourself on social media, doing unproductive tasks and mindlessly browsing the web before you start new tasks. This is the type of commitment more likely to instigate innovation. Newport identifies an advantage of the more structured approach is that it can visually represent how much time you are working on deep work and how much time is spent on shallow activities.

Assess the ration and adjust so that the majority of time throughout the day is focused on deep work. Budget time for shallow tasks, and stick to it. More importantly, schedule a finishing time. Schedule to finish all work by 5. It requires hard work and drastic changes to your habits. False Impression pdf free. Fist Of God pdf. Hidden Treasures "PDF. How to Live: A Life of Montaigne in one question and twenty attempts at an answer read book pdf. Imperium: Cicero Trilogy 1 read book pdf.

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Merrifield, G. Milne, R. Nerem, P. Nunn, A. Payne, W. Pfeffer, D. Stammer, A. Unnikrishnan Sea level change. Climate change the physical science basis T. Stocker, D. Qin, G. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, P. Midgley Eds. Dobrin Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting third ed. Domingues et al. White, P. Gleckler, S. Wijffels, P. Barker, J. Dunn Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea- level rise Nature, , pp. Fleming, P. Johnston, D.

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Donovan, E. Kandiano, K. Kharecha, A. Legrande, M. Bauer, Kwok-Wai Lo Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2 oC global warming could be dangerous Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16 , pp.

Hay, E. Morrow, R. Kopp, J. Mitrovica Probabilistic reanalysis of twentieth-century sea-level rise Nature, , pp. Grinsted, J. Moore Anthropogenic forcing dominates sea level rise since Geophysical Research Letters, 36 , p. L, Johansson, J. Davis, H. Scherneck, G. Milne, M. Vermeer, J. Bennett, B. Jonsson, G.

Elgered, P. Koivula, M. Poutanen, B. Geodetic results Journal of Geophysical Research, B8 , p. Kemp, B. Horton, J. Donnelly, M. Mann, M. Vermeer, S. Rahmstorf Climate related sea-level variations over the past two millennia Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 27 , pp. Kemp, A. Dutton, M. Khan, S. Akhter, S. Alam Mohamed and Al Hosani Ed. Geoengineering in Arid Lands, Balkema, Rotterdam , pp. Lidberg, J.

Johansson, H. Lindsay, A. Schweiger Arctic sea ice thickness loss determined using subsurface, aircraft, and satellite observations The Cryosphere, 9 , pp. Lombard, A. Le Traon, M. Ishii Contribution of thermal expansion to present-day sea level rise revisited Global and Planetary Change, 47 , pp.

Le Traon, S. Guinehut, C. Cabanes Perspectives on present-day sea level change: a tribute to Christian le Provost Ocean Dynamics, 56 5—6 , pp. Melillo, Terese T. Richmond, Gary W. Yohe Eds. Global Change Research Program , Milne, J. Antony, E. Parris et al. Parris, P. Bromirski, V. Burkett, D. Cayan, M. Culver, J. Hall, R. Horton, K. Knuuti, R. Moss, J. Obeysekera, A. Sallenger, J. Paulson, S. Zhong, J. Julia Pfeffer, P. Allemand Contribution of vertical land motions to relative sea level variations: a global synthesis of multisatellite altimetry, tide gauge data and GPS measurements Earth and Planetary Science Letters, , pp.

Rovere, P. Stocchi, M. Rovere, M. Raymo, M. Vacchi, T. Lorscheid, P. Stocchi, L. Harris, E. Casella, M. O'Leary, P. Hearty The analysis of last interglacial MIS 5e relative sea-level indicators: reconstructing sea-level in a warmer world Earth Science Review, , pp.

Sella, S. Stein, T. Dixon, M. Craymer, et al. Shennan, B. Snay, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, Michael R. Craymer, Chris F. Telford, L. Geldart, R. Sheriff, D. Vacchi, N. Marriner, C. Morhange, G. Spada, A. Fontana, A. Vail, R. Mitchum Jr.

Zhang Increasing Antarctic sea ice under warming atmospheric and oceanic conditions American Meteorological Society, 20 , pp. Zhang, D. Rothrock Modeling global sea ice with a thickness and enthalpy distribution model in generalized curvilinear coordinates American Meteorological Society Monthly Weather Review, , pp. Peer-review under responsibility of China University of Geosciences Beijing.

Production and hosting by Elsevier B. We visited Crete last year and saw a well-preserved harbor from Roman times that is now meters in land. We were told the land rose not that the sea fell. It is widely accepted that contrary to alarmism the Pacific Islands are rising, not declining, therefore there is no fear of islanders forced evacuation. Recent news headlines — Alaska News — Southern Alaskan sea levels defy worldwide trends with sea levels falling 4. All this adds support to the science that global warming and polar ice melt have nothing to do with sea level rise or fall.

Forty-five years ago a run of cold winters caused a "global cooling" scare. In the years that followed, newspapers, magazines and television documentaries spok age. The CIA reported a "growing consensus among leading climatologists that the wo cooling trend".

This alarm about global cooling is largely been forgotten, but it has not entirely gone Zharkova of Northumbria University has suggested that a quiescent sun presages ano like that of Yet the argument that the world is slowly proper ice age after 10, years of balmy warmth is in essence true.

Most interglacia without large ice sheets, last about that long, and ice cores from Greenland show that three millennia was cooler than the one before. However, those ice cores, and others from Antarctica, can now put our minds to rest. They have also begun to clarify the cause. It is a sto how vulnerable our civilisation is.

If we aspire to keep the show on the road for anoth we will have to understand ice ages. The oldest explanation for the coming and going of ice was based on carbon dioxide. Svante Arrhenius, one of the scientists who first championed the greenhouse theory, ice retreated because carbon dioxide levels rose, and advanced because they fell. If t industrial emissions could head off the next ice age. There is indeed a correlation in th between temperature and carbon dioxide, but inconveniently it is the wrong way roun follows rather than leads temperature downward when the ice returns.

A Serbian named Milutin Milankovich, writing in , argued that ice ages and interg caused by changes in the orbit of the Earth around the sun. When these combine to make a "great summer" in the north, the Game, set and match to Milankovich?

Not quite. The Antarctic ice cores, going back 8 revealed that there were some great summers when the Milankovich wobbles should interglacial warming, but did not. To explain these "missing interglacials", a recent pa Frontiers by Ralph Ellis and Michael Palmer argues we need carbon dioxide back on th greenhouse gas but as plant food. The argument goes like this. Colder oceans evaporate less moisture and rainfall decre of the last ice age, Africa suffered long mega-droughts; only small pockets of rainfore Crucially, the longer an ice age lasts, the more carbon dioxide is dissolved in the cold level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere drops below parts per million 0.

Deserts expand. Dust storms grow larger. In the Antarctic ice cores, dust increased markedly whenever carbon dioxide le ppm. The dust would have begun to accumulate on the ice caps, especially those North America, which were close to deserts. Next time a Milankovich great summer ca ice caps began to melt, the ice would have grown dirtier and dirtier, years of deposite together as the ice shrank.

The darker ice would have absorbed more heat from the s process of collapsing ice caps would have begun. All of human civilisation happened in an interglacial period, with a relatively stable clim rainfall and high enough levels of carbon dioxide to allow the vigorous growth of plant probably impossible before then, and without its hugely expanded energy supply, non subsequent flowering of human culture would have happened.

That interglacial will end. Today the northern summer sunshine is again slightly weak southern. In a few tens of thousands of years, our descendants will probably be strug weather, dust storms and air that cannot support many crops. But that is a very long then technology should be more advanced, unless we prevent it developing. The key plentiful and cheap energy our successors could thrive even in a future ice age, growi deserts, maintaining rainforests and even melting ice caps.

During the to period, when CO2 emissions rose dramatically, a recent analysis revealed that the rate of sea level rise slowed to between 1. Frederiske et al. The global-mean sea level reconstruction shows a trend of 1. Hansen et al. No evidence was found indicating a jump in sea level at the beginning of the Younger Dryas as proposed by some researchers. In subsequent millennia, as the climate warmed and this ice sheet decayed, large volumes of meltwater flooded to the oceans [Tarasov and Peltier, ; Wickert, ].

Just recently they eclipsed ppm. Scientists like Dr. James Hansen have concluded that pre- industrial CO2 levels were climatically ideal. However, CO2 concentrations above ppm are thought to be dangerous to the Earth system.

The likelihood of this happening is remote, especially considering Greenland and Antarctica combined only contributed a grand total of 1. And if an anthropogenic signal cannot be conspicuously connected to sea level rise as scientists have noted , then the greatest perceived existential threat promulgated by advocates of dangerous man-made global warming will no longer be regarded as even worth considering. The port is no longer at the edge of the sea.

There is a dramatic sea level fall SLF as photos show the old port is hundreds of meters away. Locals claim there has been a rising uplift of the land. Even though many Levantine exports are not of Phoenician origin, it is thought that they were likely carried by Phoenician sailors. The site Kommos [Fig. By the end of the eleventh century BC a rectangular construction identified as a small temple was built upon the ruins of Minoan civic structures.

Kommos or Komos was a small Minoan town founded in BC and served the port needs of Phaestus, with which it was linked by road. Kommos was probably destroyed by an earthquake in BC, but survived up to the Hellenistic period. The excavations in the period by the archaeologists Joseph Shaw and Mary Koutroubaki unearthed several Minoan houses, public buildings, warehouses, well maintained facilities of olive presses, a large courtyard and the first known shipyards in Crete.

Ridiculous exaggerations have been blamed on fossil fuel Co2 emissions without any evidence. Global sea level data is more fiction than fact because of the limited tide stations and natural variations at the regional level. Sea-level rise is not accelerating, and has not accelerated since the s. That means anthropogenic CO2 emissions do not measurably affect sea-level rise, and predictions of wildly accelerated sea-level rise are based on superstition, not science.

Here are two very high quality sea-level measurement records, one from the Pacific and one from the Atlantic: They show no activity that could be related to increase fossil fuel emissions.

This is too short to say it is a trend but it certainly rebuts the fictional and wildly ridiculous claims of Al Gore et al. Yet because he rejects the alarmist scenarios touted by the media and alarmist IPCC scientists, the Swedish professor has long been the target of vicious attack campaigns aimed at discrediting him — yet to little effect.

He was surprised by the reaction, alluding to the fact that it is normal to have different views in science. He spends much of his time demonstrating that the earth is not firm at all—it moves.

His lab in Cambridge, for example, oscillates up and down by nearly eight inches twice a day. Mitrovica is a pioneer of dynamic topography, the study of such vertical motions. For most people, these ebbs and flows are new ground. Fame of the academic variety came early to Mitrovica and mushroomed about a decade ago, when he reminded people what happens to local sea levels in the vicinity of a melting ice sheet, like those covering Greenland and Antarctica.

First, all that ice exerts gravitational pull on the surrounding ocean. When an ice sheet melts, that gravitational influence diminishes, and water moves away from the ice sheet, causing sea levels to drop as far as 2, kilometers away. But because the sea level has fallen where the ice sheet melted, it rises everywhere else beyond that 2,kilometer boundary, and on distant shores this rise is far greater than the global average. The effect amplifies the rise in average global sea level attributable to the addition of the meltwater itself to the oceans.

Greenland alone contributed a trillion tons of melted ice from to Second, the land beneath the now-vanished ice sheet slowly rebounds, rising as the weight of the mass above diminishes, a process that continues for thousands of years after the ice sheet is gone. Locally, this doubles the relative drop in sea level. But globally, the uplifting crust pushes water outward, further raising sea levels around the world.

Courtesy of Carling Hay Intuition guides people to think of the ocean as a bathtub, says Mitrovica: add meltwater and sea level rises equally everywhere. He remembers the reaction at a lecture in the Netherlands when he explained that the sea rises most at the places farthest from the melting source. That counterintuitive finding matters today because temperatures are rising faster toward the polar regions, where ice sheets still remain, but the effect on sea level will be felt most strongly far away, along the coasts where much of humanity has settled.

Data from global tide gauges stretching back a century have confirmed differences in the rate of sea-level rise from one place to another. Among the places distant from both poles that will be hit hard are the east and west coasts of North America. We have had the luxury of doing that more than we would have if we were percent in modern climate research. After taking into account contributions such as melting glaciers and ice sheets, and thermal expansion of the warming oceans, they concluded that global average sea level rose between 1 millimeter mm and 1.

But they estimated that between and , the average global sea level rose at about 3 mm per year, in agreement with other published estimates. Accordingly, they concluded, sea-level rise from the twentieth to the earliest part of the twenty-first centry is accelerating faster than previously believed, and faster than at any time in the past 5, years. We will always do them when we feel we have a contribution to make, but the pushback on these issues does make you a little bit weary.

He completed his undergraduate and graduate studies at the University of Toronto, a center of plate-tectonics research. His first major paper was on the topography of the American West, where the interior of the continent was under water some 80 million years ago.

Debate was raging over whether the land had sunk or the sea had risen. With guidance from a generous colleague, Christopher Beaumont at Dalhousie University, Mitrovica showed that the western half of the North American tectonic plate had tilted downward, causing the ocean to inundate the interior. I was thinking of it as a plate-tectonics problem. Twenty thousand years ago, the glaciers began melting; by 5, years ago, they were nearly gone.

But how much ice was there at the glacial maximum? Scientists want to know because that will tell them something about ice-age climate and about how the ice sheets responded to cooling and warming. But did the sea fall, or did the land rise? Cliffs of fossilized coral, which grows only underwater, ring the island and record how sea level has changed in the past 20, years. She found that the existing consensus of a meter rise in sea level was low by as much as 10 meters, or about 33 feet.

In other words, an additional volume of water greater than that now stored in the Greenland ice sheet had been missed. The Greenland ice sheet currently holds enough fresh water to raise average global sea level 20 feet, while the Antarctic ice sheets hold another feet. Walter Munk, a renowned professor emeritus at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, argued that if all the land-based ice that has supposedly been melting for the last century really has been melting, the water that was released from polar regions should have flowed toward lower latitudes and the equator—and this redistribution of mass should have slowed the rotation of the earth much as spinning skaters slow as they extend their arms.

Courtesy of The British Museum The solution to the enigma required a reanalysis of a very different class of Earth rotation data. Geophysicists have long attributed this slowing to two effects.

The second is a remnant effect of the last ice age. But Mitrovica and his colleagues realized that a very important process had been left out of this analysis. They realized that the ice-age model scientists had been using in their calculations had been inaccurate. The model had to be revised so that all three effects—tidal dissipation, ice-age shape changes, and magnetic coupling—added up to the four hours of slowing.

The answer is a roundabout one. When the satellite data were corrected for ice-age effects using the new model that fit the eclipse records, a small, unexplained slowdown was revealed. This discrepancy, Mitrovica says, was precisely the signal one would expect from the melting of glaciers during the past century.

For example, recent "the Sea-Ice -Albedo Feedback research" shows a warming planet will have more cloud and snow reversing or at least arresting the warming trend. Your casual treatment of Greenland melting is weak to say the least. First, failing to note some Greenland glaciers are expanding and not melting and "Despite fears that global warming is harming the Arctic region faster than the rest of the world, Greenland is defying climate scientists and currently growing at its fastest rate in four years.

This is most disheartening. Why do you slough off Antarctica as parallel to Greenland when the former is 10 times more ice and growing. You admit the size difference making your passing off worse. It is drawing billions of tons of ice into the sea helping arrest any annual sea rise beyond a fingernail? The result: A net gain of about billion tons of ice per year, according to the report. Dramatic sea level decline is happening in Juneau Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, Iceland and the Pacific Islands defying the conventional wisdom.

Here are some media headlines. Alaska News Southern Alaskan sea levels defy worldwide trends Absolute sea level in the Gulf of Alaska has been falling, contradicting a global trend, according to a new study that focused mainly on the "good news- bad news" situation in Chesapeake Bay on the United States' East Coast.

But Alaska scientists have found a more complicated picture. Hudson Bay is pretty far up north, much closer to glaciers. Would it make sense for it to recede at this level with sources of fresh water relatively close by. Well, not that small: p in Gornitz , Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments says it could be m for a metre-thick ice sheet! Anything more will result in relative sea-level fall, as we see in Hudson Bay as well as in Scandinavia, the UK, Alaska, and elsewhere — this map is wonderful.

That's right — the land itself is moving upward. Ice is heavy, so it's only logical that when it disappears, the material below it rises. But it's still tough to wrap your brain around the findings of three scientists who have shown that as Iceland's ice caps are melting, the land is rising — and fast.

This month, a study authored by a team from University of Arizona and University of Iceland shows exactly how dramatic the unexpected effects of climate change really are. The paper, Climate driven vertical acceleration of Icelandic crust measured by CGPS geodesy, analyzed data from GPS sensors all over Iceland to measure how much and how often those points of land moved geodesy is the science of measuring the Earth's surface.

Wickert, David L. Egholm, Magdala Tesauro, Taylor F. Unlike the ice sheets, the Alpine ice cap developed in an orogen where the measured uplift is potentially attributed to tectonic shortening, lithospheric delamination and unloading due to deglaciation and erosion. Our study shows that even small LGM ice caps can dominate present-day rock uplift in tectonically active regions. The decay of continental ice sheets caused uplift of the formerly glaciated regions and was the primary cause for the Holocene eustatic sea level rise, which is one of the main concerns of the impacts of global warming on coastal communities worldwide2.

Changes in the ice load of tectonically active mountain ranges, such as the Alps, the Alaska Range or the Himalaya, although much smaller, nevertheless trigger an isostatic response. The key controls on how the Earth responds to changes in crustal loading are the viscosity of the upper mantle and the lithospheric effective elastic thickness EET —a geometric measure of the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere, which describes the resistance to bending under the application of vertical loads1.

Most previous estimates of mantle viscosity come from old and tectonically stable continents, where the vertical motion can almost entirely be attributed to postglacial rebound6. In contrast, the complexity of the uplift signal in tectonically active orogens requires the relative contribution of different potential driving mechanisms to be disentangled. For half a century, the cause for recent uplift of the European Alps has been debated.

Possible drivers of uplift include postglacial rebound7, erosional unloading8, tectonic deformation9, lithospheric slab dynamics10 and combinations thereof Fig. Figure 1: Processes contributing to rock uplift in a contractional orogen. The individual components are interdependent and their relative contribution to rock uplift changes over time.

Blue and orange polygons indicate glaciers and alluvial fans, respectively. Full size image Mountain building in the European Alps is due to the convergence of Africa and Eurasia beginning in the Mesozoic with continental collision culminating in the Eo-Oligocene Further tectonic shortening was accompanied by eastward extrusion of the Eastern Alps and exhumation of metamorphic domes in the Central Alps The cessation of outward tectonic expansion of the Western and Central Alps during the Late Miocene might reflect an increase in the ratio of erosional to accretionary material flux and the onset of orogenic decay Locally, glaciation was presumably associated with a twofold increase in exhumation rates18,19 and topographic relief20, which may be controlled by feedbacks between glacial erosion, crustal unloading, isostatic uplift and deep-seated processes.

Figure 2: Seismotectonic setting. Red arrows depict the horizontal velocity field of permanent GPS stations in a Europe-fixed reference frame Stars indicate locations of the reference points for the Swiss and Austrian precise levelling data, respectively.

The convergence is accommodated by thrusting in the Italian Friuli and Lombardy regions and by eastward extrusion along strike- slip faults15, In the Central and Western Alps, however, only minor or no crustal shortening can be detected22 and earthquake focal plane solutions are dominated by extensional and strike-slip mechanisms Fig. In this study, we re-evaluate the effect of GIA on the present-day rock uplift in the Alps while accounting for postglacial erosion, sediment deposition and variations in lithospheric strength.

We show that most of the postglacially eroded material was trapped within the mountain belt and did not contribute to erosional unloading as previously suggested8. We conclude that present- day uplift rates in other tectonically active and glaciated mountain belts could also carry a component related to LGM deglaciation. How does this happen? Through the physics of isostatic rebound, when the surface of the planet acts as an elastic sheet dimpling and rebounding under changing loads.

Perito Moreno Glacier in Argentina is one of the few terrestrial glaciers advancing in modern times. Image credit: Frank Kehren Rocks seem so very solid from our puny human perspective. Things are rock hard, rock solid, and are reliable as the rock itself.

Nowhere is this more evident than with isostatic rebound, a process of geological buoyancy by which the earth's crust, having sunk beneath the weight of glaciers from a preceding ice age, bounces up as ice sheets melt and the water runs back into the sea.

While this melting ice is filling the oceans, the land can rebound so quickly that it rises even faster than the climbing sea level. The result is an apparent paradox: where continental glaciers are melting and exposing the land, the local sea levels are dropping.

These vast ice sheets contain an enormous quantity of water. And water is very, very heavy. The crust and mantle deform under the weight of ice sheets. The Earth's lithosphere, the rigid crust and uppermost mantle, buckled under the weight of up to 3 kilometers of ice. Like an iceberg floating in water with a vast root hidden under the waves, the crust sank into the mantle until hitting a buoyant balance between the weight of ice and rock over hot mantle. Kept under load for thousands of years, the lithosphere flowed and deformed to reach equilibrium under the new normal.

When the world shook off the ice age, the ice sheets melted quickly. The land was bare in a geologic heartbeat, lifting the weight far, far faster than it built up millennia before. The elastic crust rebounded nearly instantaneously, bouncing back like a balloon's surface freed from an aggressive squeeze.

But the more viscous mantle was slower to reach equilibrium in the new isostatic regime, driving slow uplift as the mantle flowed under the dented land. The rebound is ongoing today, with the land recovering at centimetres per year. With the rebound rates akin to the speed at which fingernails grow, it will take another 10, years before the land recovers from the last ice age.